—n. - crack, split; break (in cloud etc.).

- disagreement; breach.

- cleft in earth or rock. —v. Tear or burst apart. [scandinavian: related to *riven]

v. (-ling) colloq. Anger, irritate. [french from latin]

n. Small stream. [probably low german or dutch]

—n. - frost.

- hoar-frost. —v. (-ming) cover with rime. [old english]

- archaic var. Of *rhyme.

n. Tough outer layer or covering of fruit and vegetables, cheese, bacon, etc. [old english]

finger n. Third finger, esp. Of the left hand, on which a wedding ring is usu. Worn.

- road n. Bypass encircling a town.

- —n. - circular band, usu. Of metal, worn on a finger.

- circular band of any material.

- rim of a cylindrical or circular object, or a line or band round it.

- mark etc. Resembling a ring (rings round his eyes; smoke rings).

- ring in the cross-section of a tree, produced by one year's growth.

- a enclosure for a circus performance, boxing, betting at races, showing of cattle, etc. B (prec. By the) bookmakers collectively.

- a people or things in a circle.

- —v. (past rang; past part. Rung) 1 (often foll. By out etc.) Give a clear resonant or vibrating sound of or as of a bell.

- a make (esp. A bell) ring. B (absol.) Call by ringing a bell (you rang, sir?).

- (also absol.; often foll. By up) call by telephone (will ring you).

- (usu. Foll. By with, to) (of a place) resound with a sound, fame, etc. (theatre rang with applause).

- (of the ears) be filled with a sensation of ringing.

- a sound (a peal etc.) On bells. B (of a bell) sound (the hour etc.).

- (foll. By in, out) usher in or out with bell-ringing (rang out the old year).

- convey a specified impression (words rang true). —n. - ringing sound or tone.

- act or sound of ringing a bell.

- colloq. Telephone call (give me a ring).

- specified feeling conveyed by words etc. (had a melancholy ring).

- set of esp. Church bells. ring back make a return telephone call to. Ring a bell colloq. Begin to revive a memory. Ring down (or up) the curtain 1 cause the curtain to be lowered or raised.

- (foll. By on) mark the end or the beginning of (an enterprise etc.). Ring in report or make contact by telephone. Ring off end a telephone call. Ring round telephone several people. Ring up 1 call by telephone.

- record (an amount etc.) On a cash register. [old english]

n. - area of ice for skating or curling etc.

- enclosed area for roller-skating.

- building containing either of these.

- strip of bowling-green.

- team in bowls or curling. [apparently from french renc *rank1]

—n. - a violent disturbance by a crowd of people. B (attrib.) Involved in suppressing riots (riot police).

- loud uncontrolled revelry.

- (foll. By of) lavish display or sensation (riot of colour and sound).

- colloq. Very amusing thing or person. —v. Make or engage in a riot. read the riot act act firmly to suppress insubordination; give warning.

adj. - (of grain, fruit, cheese, etc.) Ready to be reaped, picked, or eaten.

- mature, fully developed (ripe in judgement).

- (of a person's age) advanced.

- (often foll. By for) fit or ready (ripe for development). ripeness n. [old english]

—v. (-sing; past rose; past part. Risen) 1 come or go up.

- grow, project, expand, or incline upwards; become higher.

- appear or be visible above the horizon.

- get up from lying, sitting, kneeling, or from bed; become erect.

- (of a meeting etc.) Adjourn.

- reach a higher position, level, amount, intensity, etc.

- make progress socially etc. (rose from the ranks).

- a come to the surface of liquid. B (of a person) react to provocation (rise to the bait).

- come to life again. 10 (of dough) swell by the action of yeast etc. 11 (often foll. By up) rebel (rise up against them). 12 originate (river rises in the mountains). 13 (of wind) start to blow. 14 (of a person's spirits) become cheerful. —n. - rising.

- upward slope, hill, or movement (house stood on a rise).

- a increase in amount, extent, sound, pitch, etc. (rise in unemployment). B increase in salary.

- increase in status or power; upward progress.

- movement of fish to the surface.

- origin.

- a vertical height of a step, arch, incline, etc. B = *riser 2. get (or take) a rise out of colloq. Provoke a reaction from (a person), esp. By teasing. On the rise on the increase. Rise above be superior to (petty feelings, difficulties, etc.). Rise to develop powers equal to (an occasion). [old english]